Calvin cycle is a dark reaction cycle of photosynthesis. It is a carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis. Glucose is produces in calvin cycle by converting carbon di oxide into glucose and simaltaneously carbon is reduced in this cycle.
NADPH is an essential element in calvin cycle that is short lived and produces from light dependent reaction. Hence, Calvin cycle can not completely a dark reaction phase.
Chloroplast is a pigmented organalae that found in plant cell. The green color of plant is depends on chloroplast.
It is a one kind of plastid in plant cell that is responsible for green color.
Example is chlorophile. Plant leaf produces energy by photosynthesis with the use of chlorophyl.
Chloroplast is very important element in oxygenic photosynthesis and metabolism process.
It is also a regulator of plant response in abiotic and biotic stress condition of plant.
Chloroplast also consists different types of phytohormones and metabolites. The own genome and gene expression machinary introduced unique characteristics of chloroplast.
It produces NADPH by a process called photolysis
It produces ATP, Adenosine tri phosphate by photosynthesis.
Carbon di oxide have to absorb by plant that happes during Kelvin cycle. Kelvin cycle is also called the dark reaction of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a process of producing energy by plant in presence of sunlight. Chlorophyl is the active chemicals required for photosynthesis.
Immunity is the capability of protecting pathogens that causes disease. It is a system that a group of organs fight against microorganism.
There have different types of immunity
Innate immunity： Innate immunity is a kind of immunity that is acquired by born.
Adaptive immunity： Adaptive immunity are these types of immunity that is adapted by a some course of action, like vaccination, Injecting immunoglobulin, infection by a certain microorganisn.
Respiration is a metabolic process that regulates exchange of gasses within the cell. Through the process oxygen received by cell and react with glucose and produces carbon di oxide. Simaltaneously, carbon di oxide expells from cell and expelled to environment through lung.
From uni cellular organism to multi cellular organism produces energy as a form of ATP with the process of respiration.
Respiration could be Aerobic or Anaerobic
In Aerobic respiration oxygen is required, but in anaerobic respiration oxygen is absent.
In a respiration two process are found.
Ventilation and purfuration
Ventilation is how lung inhall oxygen and expell carbon di oxide.
Purfuration is a process by which gaseous exchange occurs within cell to blood stream.
Phase of resporation
There have three phases of respiration
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Krebs Cycle
Cell is structural and functional unit of living organism.
One after another cell rearranges and consists tissue, a group of tissue consists organ, a group of organ consists system and a group of system consists body. Hence, cell is called the building block of life.
It is a structural unit because it forms structure of living organs. It is called functional unit because it controls the physiological function of living organs like respiration and.energy production, immunity, reproduction, carrying the characteristics called inheritence and organs growth by cell cell division.
Cell is enclosed by cell membrane. Nucleus is in the centre of cell surrounded by cytoplasm. Cytoplasm including nucleus within cell membrane is protoplasm.
Cytoplasm consists with other organalae like, Mitochondria, ribosome, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulam, golgi body, centrosome,
The animal cell and plant cell is different. Plant cell consists with cell wall and plastid. chloroplast gives green color of leaf.
During photosynthesis chloroplast is used as catalyst in plant cell. In different stage of photosynthesis role of chloroplast is visible. From releasing of oxygen and even the absorbing of carbon di oxide during calvin cycle of photosynthesis chloroplast have a vital role.
Animal Cell are two types
Prokaryotic cell： Unicellular animals are consists with prokaryotic cell. like Bacteria, Virus, Protozoa， Amoeba. These cells are not consists with structured nucleus.
Eukaryotic cell： Multicellular organs are Eukaryotic cell consists. These cell consists with structured nucleus.
