Wednesday, March 6, 2024

Cell division

 The process by which a cell is divided is called cell division. Cell growth occurs through cell division. From unicellular organism to multi cellular organisms growth and reproduction through cell division.

Prokaryotic cell divide through a process called amitosis cell division which is also called binary fission.

Different types of bacteria and amoeba shows amitosis cell division.

Multi cellular animals shows mitosis cell division.

The reproductive cell divide through miosis cell division.

Inheritence

 Inheritence means property received by successor from ancestor. 

Animals and plants even any living organism received property from ancestor is called inheritence. 

Ancestors behaviour, physical characteristics, like color, height, and appearance transfers to successor. 

inherritence is the parts of Genetics that explains the property transfer from ancestors to successor.

Tuesday, March 5, 2024

Prokaryotic cell

 The cell that have non structured nucleus is called prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cell also missed other essential organallie. 

In eukaryotic cell there have structured nucleus. 

In prokaryotic cell nucleus the nuclear membrane is not exist. In terms of cell division prokaryotic cell is different from eukaryotic cell. Horizontal cell division occurs by binary fission of prokaryotic cell. This is Amitosis cell division.

Bacteria and Amoeba is unicellular organism. These are the examples of prokaryotic cell.

Eukaryotic cell divide with mitosis cell division. Specialized cell egg cell and sperm cell divide with miosis cell division.


Thursday, February 29, 2024

Calvin cycle

 Calvin cycle is a dark reaction cycle of photosynthesis. It is a carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis. Glucose is produces in calvin cycle by converting carbon di oxide into glucose and simaltaneously carbon is reduced in this cycle.

NADPH is an essential element in calvin cycle that is short lived and produces from light dependent reaction. Hence, Calvin cycle can not completely a dark reaction phase.

Chloroplast

 Chloroplast is a pigmented organalae that found in plant cell. The green color of plant is depends on chloroplast. 

It is a one kind of plastid in plant cell that is responsible for green color. 

Example is chlorophile. Plant leaf produces energy by photosynthesis with the use of chlorophyl.

Chloroplast is very important element in oxygenic photosynthesis and metabolism process.

It is also a regulator of plant response in abiotic and biotic stress condition of plant.

Chloroplast also consists different types of phytohormones and metabolites. The own genome and gene expression machinary introduced unique characteristics of chloroplast.

It produces NADPH by a process called photolysis

It produces ATP, Adenosine tri phosphate by photosynthesis.

Carbon di oxide have to absorb by plant that happes during Kelvin cycle. Kelvin cycle is also called the dark reaction of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

 Photosynthesis is a process of producing energy by plant in presence of sunlight. Chlorophyl is the active chemicals required for photosynthesis.

Wednesday, February 28, 2024

Immunity

 Immunity is the capability of protecting pathogens that causes disease. It is a system that a group of organs fight against microorganism. 

There have different types of immunity

Innate immunity: Innate immunity is a kind of immunity that is acquired by born.

Adaptive immunity: Adaptive immunity are these types of immunity that is adapted by a some course of action, like vaccination, Injecting immunoglobulin, infection by a certain microorganisn. 


Genetic recombination

 Genetic recombination is an exchange process of genetic material during cell division. Produced DNA during genetic recombination is called ...